| DIFFUSE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES CAUSING GENERALISED WEAKNESS
LOCALISATION OF THE PROBLEM
Localization of the lesion in patients with diffuse peripheral nervous system problems is often straightforward as the spinal reflexes are usually decreased in all 4 limbs. Peripheral nervous system consists of: nerve roots, nerves, neuromuscular junction and muscle. The further differentiation between the pathological process in nerve roots, nerves, neuromuscular endplates or muscles is often difficult or impossible just with the help of the neurological examination. For this reason, additional tests, such as electrodiagnostics, muscle and nerve biopsies and laboratory testing are frequently necessary.
Diseases causing polyneuropathies in small animals
| Vascular
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Ischemic neuromyopathy (thromboembolisation secondary to cardiomyopathy or trauma) (D,C)
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| Inflammatory-infectious
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Acute polyradiculoneuritis (Coonhound paralysis) (D,C), chronic relapsing polyradiculoneuritis (D,C), neosporosis (D), toxoplasmosis (D)
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| Traumatic
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-
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| Anomalous
|
-
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| Metbolic
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Hypothyroid polyneuropathy (D), hypoglycemic polyneuropathy (D), diabetic neuropathy (D,C), hyperchylomicronemia (C), hyperoxaluria (C), Vincristine-induced polyneuropathy (D,C), Thalium-induced polyneuropathy (D,C), chronic organophosphate intoxication (D,C)
|
| Idiopathic
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Dysautonomia (D,C)
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| Neoplastic
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Paraneoplastic polyneuropathy bronchogenic carcinoma, mammary adenocarcinoma, malignant melanoma, osteosarcoma, thyroid adenocarcinoma, mast cell tumor) (D,C)
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| Degenerative
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Spinal muscular atrophy (Lapland dogs, Brittany spaniels, English pointers, giant breed crosses, German shepherds, rottweilers, Cairn terriers), Giant axonal neuropathy (German shepherds), Sensory neuropathy (Boxers, longhaired dachshunds, Jack Russell terriers, English pointers, rough collies, huskies), Hypertrophic neuropathy (Tibetan mastiffs), Globoid cell leukodystrophy (Cairn terriers, West Highland white terriers, cats), Sphingomyelinosis (Siamese cats), Distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy (rottweilers), Distal polyneuropathy (Birman cats), Glycogen storage disease type IV (Norwegian forest cats), Congenital hypomyelinating neuropathy (Golden retrievers)
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Diseases causing junctionopaties (neuromuscular junction diseases) in small animals
| Vascular
|
-
|
| Inflammatory-infectious
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Acquired myasthenia gravis (D,C), tick paralysis (D,C)
|
| Traumatic
|
-
|
| Anomalous
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Inherited myasthenia gravis (D,C)
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| Metbolic
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Botulism (D,C)
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| Idiopathic
|
-
|
| Neoplastic
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Paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis syndrome (thymoma)(D,C)
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| Degenerative
|
-
|
Diseases causing polymyopathies in small animals
| Vascular
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Ischemic neuromyopathy (thromboembolisation secondary to cardiomyopathy or trauma) (D,C)
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| Inflammatory-infectious
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Iidiopathic polymyositis (D,C), Neosporosis (D), toxoplasmosis (D), systemic lupus erythematosu-polymyositis (D), dermatomyositis in Collies, Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae (D), Clostridium spp. (D), Hepatozoon canis (D)
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| Traumatic
|
-
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| Anomalous
|
-
|
| Metbolic
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Hyperadrenocorticism (steroid myopathy) (D), hypothyroidism (dog) (D), hyperthyroid myopathy (C), hypokalemia(D,C), hyperkalemia (D,C), malignant hyperthermia (D), exertional myopathy (D,C), hypernatremic myopathy (D), mitochondrial myopathies (D,C), vitamin E deficiency myopathy (D,C), selenium deficiency myopathy (D,C)
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| Idiopathic
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-
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| Neoplastic
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Paraneoplastic myositis (bronchogenic carcinoma, myeloid leukemia, tonsillar carcinoma) (D,C)
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| Degenerative
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Muscular dystrophy (Devon Rex, Golden retriever, Irish terrier, Samoyed, rottweiler, miniature schnauzer, Welsh corgi, cats), hereditary myopathy of Labrador retrievers, myothonic myopathy (Chow, Staffordshire terrier, Great Dane, Rhodesian ridgeback, cats), Glycogen storage disease (toy breeds, German shepherd, Akita, Swedish Lapland, Norwegian forest cat, English springer spaniel), Nemaline myopathy in cats, Central core myopathy in Great Dane, Degenerative myopathy of Bouvier des Flandres
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PS: D-dog, C-cat.
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